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Rotherhithe Tunnel
The Rotherhithe Tunnel is a road tunnel under the River Thames in East London, connecting the Ratcliff district of Limehouse in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets north of the river to Rotherhithe in the London Borough of Southwark south of the river, designated the A101. It was formally opened in 1908 by George Prince of Wales (later King George V), and Richard Robinson, Chairman of the London County Council.
It should not be confused with the nearby earlier and much more historic Thames Tunnel, designed and built under the supervision of Marc Isambard Brunel and his son Isambard Kingdom Brunel, used by London Overground for the East London Line.
==Construction==
Designed by Sir Maurice Fitzmaurice, the Engineer to the London County Council, construction was authorised by the ''Thames Tunnel (Rotherhithe and Ratcliff) Act 1900'' despite considerable opposition from local residents, nearly 3,000 of whom were displaced by the works.〔"Rotherhithe Tunnel Jubilee", '' P.L.A. Monthly'', Port of London 1955〕
The work took place between 1904 and 1908, executed by resident engineer Edward H. Tabor and contractors Price and Reeves, at a cost of about £1 million. The tunnel was excavated partly using a tunnelling shield and partly by cut-and-cover. The entrance arches are the cutting edges of the tunnelling shield, which measured 30 feet 8 inches (9.35 m) in diameter,〔Rolt Hammond, ''Civil Engineering Plant and Methods'', p. 150. (Benn, 1952)〕 forming in effect a loading gauge for the tunnel.
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